Dayak groups, subdivided into sub-sub-tribe which numbers approximately 405 sub (by JU Lontaan, 1975). Each sub tribe Dayak in Kalimantan have customs and cultures are similar, referring to sociology and differences kemasyarakatannya customs, culture, and language characteristics. Past the community which is now called the Dayak tribe, inhabiting the coastal areas and rivers in each of their settlements.
A Borneo Dayak ethnic anthropology according JU Lontaan, 1975 in the book of Customary Law and Customs of West Kalimantan, consists of six major tribes and 405 sub-tribes small, which spread across Kalimantan. Strong urbanization that brought influences from outside, such as causing them to wither away further and further into the hinterland and hills in all areas of Borneo.
They call themselves with a group that originated from an area under the name of the river, the hero's name, the name of nature and so forth. For example he says the origin of the Iban tribe ivan (in Kayan, ivan = wanderer) as well as by other sources that they call themselves by the name of spare Batang Lupar, because it comes from the river Batang Lupar, West Kalimantan border areas with Sarawak, Malaysia. Mualang tribe, taken from a well-respected name of a character (Manok sabung / executioner) in Tampun Juah and immortalized the name became a name in local creeks Ketungau Sintang District (because of an event) and then made the name of the Dayak tribe Mualang. Dayak Bukit (Kendayan / Ahe) derived from Hill / mountain Onion. Similarly, the origin of the Dayak Kayan, Sleep, Tamambaloh, Kenyah, Benuag, Ngaju and others, who have some background history of its own.
But there is also a Dayak tribes who do not know the origin of the name of his tribe again. The name "Dayak" or "Power" is the name eksonim (name not given by the society itself) and not endonim name (the name given by the community itself). Dayak word comes from the word power "which means upstream, to mention the people who live in rural or perhuluan generally Kalimantan and West Kalimantan in particular, (although now many Dayak communities who have settled in the city districts and provinces) that have a similarity of customs and cultures and still holds fast to tradition.
Central Kalimantan has a very different problem of ethnicity in the appeal of West Kalimantan. Ethnis majority inhabiting Central Kalimantan is ethnis Dayak, the largest Dayak tribe Ngaju, Ot Danum, Maanyan, Hamlet, etc.. While the religion they profess is varied. Muslim Dayak in Central Kalimantan, Dayak retains ethnisnya, as well as for the Dayak who convert to Christianity. Dayak indigenous religion in Central Kalimantan is Kaharingan, which is the original religion that was born from the local culture before the Indonesian people familiar with the first religion that is Hinduism. Because Hinduism has meyebar in the wide world especially in Indonesia and more widely known, in comparison with the religion of the Dayaks, the Religion Kaharingan categorized into branches of Hinduism.
West Kalimantan province has its uniqueness to the process of cultural alkurturasi or displacement of a religious culture to the local community. In this case these processes are intimately associated with the two largest tribes in the West Kalimantan Dayaks, Malays and China. At first nation inhabiting the coastal West Kalimantan Dayak, live with the traditions and culture of each, then came the traders from gujarab Moslems (Arab Malays) with the aim of buying and selling of goods from and to the Dayak community, and because they often interact, alternating and drove through to take merchandise to and from the Strait of Malacca (a central trade in the past), causing them to desire to live in new areas that have a large trade potential for their benefit.
This is a special attraction for the Dayak community when in contact with the immigrants who brought new knowledge into foreign territory. Because often the process of buying and selling goods, and cultural interaction, leading to the coast of West Kalimantan became crowded, the visit of local communities (Dayak) and Arab traders from the Straits of Malacca Malays. In those days religious system began to be affected and the Dayak people affected by the merchants Malays who have known the knowledge, education and religion of Islam from outside Kalimantan. Because the relationship has run properly, then the local community or Dayak, there are sympathetic to the merchants of Gujarat which gradually affected, then the Islamic religion is accepted and recognized in the year 1550 AD in the kingdom of Tanjung Pura Giri Kusuma on penerintahan which is kerajan wilt and slow gradually began to spread in West Kalimantan.
Dayak people still hold firm beliefs dynamism, they believe every certain places there is power, which they call: Jubata, Petara, Ala Taala, Penompa and others, for God's highest designation, and then they still have other authorities under the authority of the Lord highest: for example: Puyang Gana (Dayak mualang) is the master of the land, King Juata (ruler of Water), Kama "Baba (Army ruler), Jobata, Apet Kuyan'gh (Dayak Mali) and others. For those who still hold fast to his beliefs and cultural dynamism of his originals, they separated themselves into the more distant kepedalaman.
As for a handful of the Dayak community had converted to Islam because of marriage more entrants imitate the lifestyle that is considered to have had as many advanced civilizations in touch with the outside world. (And according to its development will come the missionaries and Christian mission / Christian; inland). In general, the Dayak who convert to Islam in West Kalimantan are considered by the Dayak tribe similar to wither. Dayak tribe native who still (hold firm beliefs ancestors) in the past, until they tried to reinforce the differences, dayak tribe who converted to Islam (because of marriage with the Malays) shows itself as the forgotten tribe melayu.banyak Dayak identity as ranging from his new religion and the rules of engagement with custom. After the settlers in the coastal population to assimilate with the Dayaks who moved (through marriage with the tribes melayu) to the Religion of Islam, the religion of Islam is more synonymous with the tribe wither and the Christian religion or belief in the dynamism is more synonymous with the tribe to kalimantan Dayak.sejalan urbanization, causing coastal Kalimantan West became crowded, as more and more entrants in both local and visiting another country.
To manage these areas so that the figures of people wilt entrust the local community appointed leader or was given the title Penembahan (a term that brought settlers to name the little king) this penembahan independent living in a territory based on the religious composition of the central government adopted, and tend to maintain area. But there are times when penembahan declared subject to the kingdom from their home regions, or expansion of power for the sake of security.
Dayak people who moved to the religion of Islam or who have been married to migrant Malays called Senganan, or sign in senganan / entrance of the Sea, and now they claim to be called Malays. They picked up one of their leaders who respect both from ethnisnya as well as newcomers who have the same religion and charismatic in the circle, as the leader of their village or area that they respect the leader.
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